quarta-feira, 9 de janeiro de 2008

PRESSÃO ALTA - ORIENTAÇÔES DIETÉTICAS

Resumo
Deve-se sempre tentar manter a pressão nos níveis normais, seja pela medicação e/ou pela dieta. Na alimentação, a principal conduta que se deve tomar é retirar o sal...
A Hipertensão Arterial significa pressão aumentada do sangue. Na maioria dos casos tem causa desconhecida, e é o principal fator de risco na arteriosclerose e insuficiência cardíaca. É muito comum em pacientes hipertensos, que não seguem ao tratamento, evoluírem para acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Deve-se sempre tentar manter a pressão nos níveis normais, seja pela medicação e/ou pela dieta. Na alimentação, a principal conduta que se deve tomar é retirar o sal, pois este faz com que a pressão arterial aumente. ALIMENTOS PROIBIDOS:
> Carnes salgadas, embutidas ou defumadas: carne seca, costela, toucinho, bacon, lingüiça, salsicha, hamburguer, presunto, mortadela;
> Peixes salgados ou defumados: bacalhau, arenque;
> Produtos enlatados ou em conservas: milho, ervilha, sardinha, azeitonas, cogumelos, palmito, aspargo, picles;
> Molhos, sopas e temperos prontos: mostarda, ketchup, caldos em cubos, molho de soja, molho inglês;
> Queijos (exceto ricota, minas sem sal e cotage);
> Biscoitos salgados, pães salgados, pizzas;
> Salgadinhos em geral, batata frita industrializada, pipoca salgada;
> Manteiga e margarina com sal;
> Glutamato monossódico (Ajinomoto), bicarbonato de sódio;
> Castanha-do-pará e de caju salgadas;
ORIENTAÇÕES:
> A hipertensão arterial é duas vezes maior em indivíduos com excesso de peso do que em pessoas com peso normal, por isso deve-se ter um controle de peso pela dieta;
> O álcool é um fator agravante da hipertensão. Deve-se evitar o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas;
> Para dar mais sabor à dieta podem-se usar temperos, como cebola, alho, suco de limão, orégano, hortelã, páprica, alecrim, folha de louro, salsa, cheiro-verde, pimentão, açafrão, manjericão, manjerona;
> Deve-se evitar o uso de fumo;
> Os anticoncepcionais elevam a pressão arterial nas mulheres que deles fazem uso, especialmente em mulheres acima de 35 anos e obesas. O uso de óleos de peixe e o aumento da ingestão de alimentos ricos em fibras ajudam ao tratamento;
> O sal de adição deve ser retirado da mesa;
> 1g de sal = 1 tampa de caneta Bic.
Fonte: Simone Cordeiro Ramos – Nutricionista do Programa de Acompanhamento Domiciliar do HEGV - Com pós graduação em gerontologia pela ENSP-FIOCRUZ.

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